Strategic process

A study was undertaken in the UK by Ginter et al. (1985) to determine whether this academic model had practical applicability. The 4,000 members of the Planning Executive Institute were asked a range of questions to provide a forum for assessing the perceptions of planning and strategic managers in practice. In excess of 1,000 members responded, and the researchers concluded that the model was a good framework for the way strategic planning takes place in the corporate environment. The Ginter et al. (1985) paper described the strategic process as containing eight elements:

vision and mission;

objective setting;

external environmental scanning;

internal environmental scanning;

strategic alternatives (crafting strategy);

strategy selection;

implementation; and

control"